1) Mapa de la Isla de Mindanao [Map of the Island of Mindanao]. 2) Mapa de las Campañas de Mindanao [Map of the Campaigns in Mindanao]

Derscription

1) original colour lithograph; Mapa de la Isla de Mindanao bound with p. 505, with fold as issued [attached in pouch:] pp. 505-516 loose leaves; includes black & white illustration of Mt. Apo inhabitant on p. 511.
Spanish-language map of Mindanao issued as an illustrative plate in the Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana (Enciclopedia Espasa). The map presents the island’s principal geographical features, including coastlines, mountain ranges, river systems, settlements, and administrative divisions, reflecting the cartographic standards of early twentieth-century Spanish reference publishing. Intended as a general geographical overview, it synthesizes physical and human geography in a clear and accessible format, illustrating the importance of Mindanao within Spanish geographical scholarship. Accompanied by loose encyclopedia leaves comprising pp. 505–516, which formed part of a broader entry on Mindanao covering its history, geography, population, and economy. The material is almost certainly from the Enciclopedia Espasa, one of the most influential encyclopedic projects in the Spanish-speaking world. The publisher’s imprint and the format of the maps and text suggest a date in the late 1920s.

2) original colour lithograph; Mapa de las Campañas de Mindanao [attached in pouch:] pp. 512-513 and pp. 505-516 loose leaves; includes black & white illustration of Mt. Apo inhabitant on p. 511.
Spanish-language historical map depicting military campaigns and zones of operation in Mindanao during the Spanish colonial period. Produced as an illustrative plate for the Mindanao entry in the Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana (Enciclopedia Espasa), the map highlights strategic locations, campaign routes, and areas associated with Spanish military activity against the Sultanates of Mindanao and Sulu. It provides a visual summary of the prolonged efforts to establish and maintain Spanish influence in the southern Philippines, particularly during the nineteenth century. Accompanied by loose encyclopedia leaves comprising pp. 505–516, which contextualize the island through historical, geographical, and ethnographic discussion. Published by Espasa-Calpe, S.A., the material exemplifies the encyclopedia’s integration of cartographic and scholarly content and likely dates from the late 1920s.